📚 Topic Summary
Folding and faulting are two major ways the Earth's crust deforms. Folding occurs when rocks bend under pressure, creating wave-like structures. Faulting happens when rocks fracture and slide past each other. These processes, along with volcanic activity, contribute to mountain formation. Different types of folds and faults create varied landscapes, and understanding them helps us interpret Earth's dynamic history.
📖 Part A: Vocabulary
Match the terms with their correct definitions:
| Term |
Definition |
| 1. Anticline |
A. A fracture in the Earth's crust where movement has occurred. |
| 2. Syncline |
B. An upward fold in rock layers. |
| 3. Fault |
C. The point within the Earth where an earthquake originates. |
| 4. Focus |
D. A downward fold in rock layers. |
| 5. Mountain |
E. A large natural elevation of the earth's surface rising abruptly from the surrounding level. |
✍️ Part B: Fill in the Blanks
Complete the following paragraph using the words provided: compression, tension, shear, normal, reverse.
_______ forces cause rocks to be squeezed together, often leading to folding and _______ faults. _______ forces pull rocks apart, typically resulting in _______ faults. _______ forces cause rocks to slide past each other.
🤔 Part C: Critical Thinking
Explain how the type of plate boundary (convergent, divergent, transform) influences the dominant type of deformation (folding or faulting) and the resulting landforms. Give examples.
