Everyday Things That Flow: Real-World Liquid Examples.

📚 Quick Study Guide

🔍 Flow rate measures how much fluid passes a point per unit time. The formula is often expressed as $Q = Av$, where $Q$ is the flow rate, $A$ is the cross-sectional area, and $v$ is the velocity.

💧 Viscosity is a fluid's resistance to flow. Higher viscosity means it flows more slowly (like honey), while lower viscosity means it flows more easily (like water).

🌡️ Temperature affects viscosity; generally, liquids become less viscous as temperature increases.

📐 Pressure differences drive flow. Fluids move from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure.

🌊 Bernoulli's principle states that an increase in the speed of a fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in pressure or a decrease in the fluid's potential energy.

🧪 Practice Quiz

1. What is the primary factor that determines the flow rate of a liquid through a pipe?
   1. A) The color of the liquid
   2. B) The viscosity of the liquid
   3. C) The size of the container holding the liquid
   4. D) The current market price of the liquid
2. Which of these liquids has the highest viscosity at room temperature?
   1. A) Water
   2. B) Olive Oil
   3. C) Honey
   4. D) Vinegar
3. According to Bernoulli's principle, what happens to the pressure of a fluid as its speed increases?
   1. A) Pressure increases
   2. B) Pressure decreases
   3. C) Pressure remains constant
   4. D) Pressure fluctuates randomly
4. Which of the following is an example of laminar flow?
   1. A) Water flowing rapidly in a river with rapids
   2. B) Smoke rising from a chimney in a swirling pattern
   3. C) Blood flowing smoothly through a vein
   4. D) Air flowing behind a fast-moving car
5. What happens to the viscosity of motor oil as its temperature increases?
   1. A) Viscosity increases
   2. B) Viscosity decreases
   3. C) Viscosity remains the same
   4. D) Viscosity fluctuates unpredictably
6. Which of the following best describes a Newtonian fluid?
   1. A) A fluid whose viscosity changes with applied stress
   2. B) A fluid whose viscosity remains constant regardless of applied stress
   3. C) A fluid that only flows upwards
   4. D) A fluid that is always opaque
7. What is the formula for flow rate (Q) if A is the cross-sectional area and v is the velocity?
   1. A) $Q = A/v$
   2. B) $Q = Av$
   3. C) $Q = A + v$
   4. D) $Q = A - v$