The kinetic molecular theory states that all matter is composed of particles in constant motion. Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of these particles. In a solid, molecules vibrate in place; in a liquid, they move more freely; and in a gas, they move almost independently. Heating a substance increases the kinetic energy of its particles, causing them to move faster and, therefore, increasing the temperature. This lab activity will help you visualize and understand how molecular motion relates to temperature changes.π‘οΈ
Match the term with the correct definition:
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| 1. Kinetic Energy | A. The average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance. |
| 2. Temperature | B. The energy an object possesses due to its motion. |
| 3. Molecular Motion | C. The state in which particles are tightly packed and vibrate in fixed positions. |
| 4. Solid | D. The continuous movement of molecules in a substance. |
| 5. Gas | E. The state in which particles are widely dispersed and move freely. |
Answers:
Complete the following paragraph using the words: temperature, kinetic energy, faster, motion, slower.
When you heat a substance, the molecules move __________. This increased __________ means the __________ of the molecules has increased. __________ is a measure of this average kinetic energy. When a substance cools, the molecules move __________.
Answer:
When you heat a substance, the molecules move faster. This increased motion means the kinetic energy of the molecules has increased. Temperature is a measure of this average kinetic energy. When a substance cools, the molecules move slower.
Explain how understanding molecular motion can help predict the behavior of different states of matter (solid, liquid, gas) when heat is applied. Give specific examples.
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