Examples of Ferromagnetism, Paramagnetism, and Diamagnetism in Everyday Life

📚 Quick Study Guide

• ⚛️ Ferromagnetism: Strong attraction to magnetic fields, even after the field is removed. Atoms have unpaired electrons aligned in domains. Examples: Iron, Nickel, Cobalt.
• 💫 Paramagnetism: Weak attraction to magnetic fields, disappears when the field is removed. Atoms have unpaired electrons, but randomly aligned. Examples: Aluminum, Magnesium, Oxygen.
• 🌀 Diamagnetism: Weak repulsion from magnetic fields. All electrons are paired, creating an induced magnetic field that opposes the external field. Examples: Water, Copper, Gold.
• 🌡️ Curie Temperature: The temperature above which a ferromagnetic material loses its ferromagnetism and becomes paramagnetic.
• $\chi = \frac{M}{H}$ where $\chi$ is magnetic susceptibility, $M$ is magnetization, and $H$ is magnetic field strength.

🧪 Practice Quiz

1. What type of magnetism is exhibited by a material that is strongly attracted to a magnetic field, and retains its magnetism even after the field is removed?
   1. Diamagnetism
   2. Paramagnetism
   3. Ferromagnetism
   4. Antiferromagnetism
2. Which of the following materials is a common example of a diamagnetic substance?
   1. Iron
   2. Aluminum
   3. Copper
   4. Oxygen
3. A material is weakly attracted to a magnetic field only when the field is present. What type of magnetism does it exhibit?
   1. Ferromagnetism
   2. Diamagnetism
   3. Paramagnetism
   4. Ferrimagnetism
4. What happens to a ferromagnetic material when it is heated above its Curie temperature?
   1. It becomes diamagnetic
   2. It becomes paramagnetic
   3. It remains ferromagnetic but weakens
   4. It explodes
5. Which of the following best describes the electron configuration in a diamagnetic material?
   1. All electrons are unpaired
   2. Most electrons are unpaired
   3. All electrons are paired
   4. There are an equal number of paired and unpaired electrons
6. Which of the following materials is commonly used in making permanent magnets due to its ferromagnetic properties?
   1. Water
   2. Aluminum
   3. Nickel
   4. Copper
7. Which type of magnetism results from the alignment of atomic magnetic moments in a random direction?
   1. Ferromagnetism
   2. Paramagnetism
   3. Diamagnetism
   4. Ferrimagnetism