Surface tension is the property of a liquid that allows it to resist an external force, due to the cohesive nature of its molecules. Capillary action is the ability of a liquid to flow in narrow spaces without the assistance of, and in opposition to, external forces like gravity. This occurs because of the interplay between cohesive forces (the attraction between like molecules) and adhesive forces (the attraction between unlike molecules). When adhesive forces are stronger than cohesive forces, the liquid will rise in a narrow tube, like water in a glass tube.
In this experiment, we'll explore how different factors, such as the diameter of the tube and the type of liquid, affect capillary action. This is really important in a lot of things, from how plants get water to how your tears move across your eyes!
Match the term with its definition:
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| 1. Surface Tension | A. The attraction between unlike molecules. |
| 2. Capillary Action | B. The property of a liquid that resists an external force. |
| 3. Cohesion | C. The ability of a liquid to flow in narrow spaces against gravity. |
| 4. Adhesion | D. A measure of how much a liquid resists an increase in its surface area. |
| 5. Wetting | E. The attraction between like molecules. |
Answers: 1-B, 2-C, 3-E, 4-A, 5-D
Capillary action occurs when the __________ forces between a liquid and a surface are stronger than the __________ forces within the liquid itself. This causes the liquid to __________ up a narrow tube. The __________ of the tube also affects how high the liquid will rise; narrower tubes result in __________ rise.
Word Bank: adhesive, cohesive, rise, diameter, greater
Answer: Capillary action occurs when the adhesive forces between a liquid and a surface are stronger than the cohesive forces within the liquid itself. This causes the liquid to rise up a narrow tube. The diameter of the tube also affects how high the liquid will rise; narrower tubes result in greater rise.
Explain how capillary action helps plants get water from the soil to their leaves. Include the terms 'xylem,' 'adhesion,' and 'cohesion' in your explanation.
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