Transformers are essential components in electrical circuits, used to step-up or step-down voltage levels while maintaining power. The transformer equation relates the voltage ratio to the turns ratio of the primary and secondary coils. Understanding and applying this equation is crucial for solving problems related to power transmission and circuit analysis. Let's dive into some practice problems to solidify your understanding!
The core equation to remember is: $ \frac{V_p}{V_s} = \frac{N_p}{N_s} $, where $V_p$ and $V_s$ are the primary and secondary voltages, and $N_p$ and $N_s$ are the number of turns in the primary and secondary coils, respectively. Also, remember that Power (P) is conserved (ideally), so $P_p = P_s$, which means $V_p I_p = V_s I_s$.
Match the terms with their definitions:
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| 1. Primary Coil | A. The coil where the output voltage is induced. |
| 2. Secondary Coil | B. The coil connected to the input voltage source. |
| 3. Step-Up Transformer | C. A transformer that increases the voltage from primary to secondary. |
| 4. Step-Down Transformer | D. A transformer that decreases the voltage from primary to secondary. |
| 5. Turns Ratio | E. The ratio of the number of turns in the primary coil to the number of turns in the secondary coil. |
Match the correct Term with its correct definition.
Complete the following paragraph with the correct terms:
A transformer works based on the principle of ______________ induction. The primary coil is connected to an AC voltage source, and the changing magnetic field induces a voltage in the ______________ coil. If the number of turns in the secondary coil is greater than the primary coil, it is a ______________ transformer. The ratio of primary voltage to secondary voltage is equal to the ______________ .
Explain how transformers are essential in long-distance power transmission and why high voltage is preferred.
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