Saturated, Unsaturated, and Supersaturated Solutions: Real-World Examples

🧪 Quick Study Guide

• ⚖️ Solubility: The maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a solvent at a specific temperature.
• 💧 Unsaturated Solution: Contains less solute than the maximum solubility at a given temperature. More solute can be dissolved.
• насыщение Saturated Solution: Contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a given temperature. No more solute will dissolve.
• 🌡️ Supersaturated Solution: Contains more solute than the maximum solubility at a given temperature. These solutions are unstable and any disturbance can cause the excess solute to precipitate out.
• 📈 Temperature Effects: Solubility of solids usually increases with temperature, while solubility of gases usually decreases.
• ➗ Concentration: Expressed as molarity ($M = \frac{moles \ of \ solute}{liters \ of \ solution}$), molality ($m = \frac{moles \ of \ solute}{kg \ of \ solvent}$), or percent by mass ($\frac{mass \ of \ solute}{mass \ of \ solution} \times 100$).
• 💎 Crystallization: The process where dissolved solute comes out of solution and forms crystals.

✍️ Practice Quiz

1. Which of the following describes a solution that contains more solute than it can theoretically hold at a given temperature?
   1. Unsaturated
   2. Saturated
   3. Supersaturated
   4. Diluted
2. A solution has a concentration of 2 M. What does this mean?
   1. 2 grams of solute per liter of solution
   2. 2 moles of solute per liter of solvent
   3. 2 moles of solute per liter of solution
   4. 2 kg of solute per liter of solution
3. What happens when a seed crystal is added to a supersaturated solution?
   1. The crystal dissolves.
   2. The excess solute precipitates out.
   3. The solution becomes unsaturated.
   4. Nothing happens.
4. Which of the following factors primarily affects the solubility of a gas in a liquid?
   1. Pressure
   2. Volume
   3. Temperature
   4. Both Pressure and Temperature
5. A solution in which no more solute can dissolve is called:
   1. Unsaturated
   2. Saturated
   3. Supersaturated
   4. Concentrated
6. If the solubility of NaCl at 25°C is 36 g/100 mL of water, what happens when you add 40 g of NaCl to 100 mL of water at 25°C?
   1. All 40 g will dissolve.
   2. 36 g will dissolve, and 4 g will precipitate out.
   3. The solution will become unsaturated.
   4. The solution will boil.
7. Which of the following solutions is most likely to form crystals spontaneously?
   1. Unsaturated solution
   2. Saturated solution
   3. Supersaturated solution
   4. Dilute solution