Sigma ($\sigma$) bonds are the strongest type of covalent bond, formed by direct overlap of atomic orbitals along the internuclear axis. All single bonds are sigma bonds. Pi ($\pi$) bonds are weaker and form from the sideways overlap of p-orbitals above and below the internuclear axis. Pi bonds exist in addition to sigma bonds in double and triple bonds; a double bond contains one sigma and one pi bond, and a triple bond contains one sigma and two pi bonds. Understanding the number and types of bonds helps predict molecular properties and reactivity.
Match the following terms with their definitions:
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| 1. Sigma Bond | A. Weaker covalent bond formed by sideways overlap of p-orbitals. |
| 2. Pi Bond | B. Region of high electron density between two atoms. |
| 3. Single Bond | C. Strongest type of covalent bond formed by direct overlap of orbitals. |
| 4. Double Bond | D. Chemical bond where one pair of electrons is shared between atoms. |
| 5. Triple Bond | E. Chemical bond where two pairs of electrons are shared, consisting of one sigma and one pi bond. |
Answers: 1-C, 2-A, 3-D, 4-E, 5-F
Complete the following paragraph using the words: sigma, pi, double, triple, single.
A _____ bond is the simplest type of covalent bond. A _____ bond contains one sigma and one pi bond, while a _____ bond contains one _____ bond and two _____ bonds.
Answer: single, double, triple, sigma, pi
Explain how the presence of pi bonds affects the rigidity and reactivity of a molecule.
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