📚 Topic Summary
The scientific method is a process used by scientists to investigate the world around them. It involves making observations, forming a hypothesis (an educated guess), designing and conducting experiments to test the hypothesis, analyzing the results, and drawing conclusions. It's a cyclical process; the conclusions from one experiment often lead to new questions and further investigation. Mastering this method helps you think critically and solve problems, not just in science, but in everyday life!
🧪 Part A: Vocabulary
Match the following terms with their definitions:
| Term |
Definition |
| 1. Hypothesis |
A. The variable that is measured or observed in an experiment. |
| 2. Independent Variable |
B. A testable prediction based on observations. |
| 3. Dependent Variable |
C. A group in an experiment that does not receive the treatment. |
| 4. Control Group |
D. A well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world, based on a vast body of evidence. |
| 5. Scientific Theory |
E. The variable that is deliberately changed or manipulated in an experiment. |
🔬 Part B: Fill in the Blanks
Complete the following paragraph with the correct terms:
A scientist is studying the effect of fertilizer on plant growth. They apply different amounts of fertilizer to several plants and measure how tall the plants grow. In this experiment, the amount of fertilizer is the __________ variable, and the height of the plants is the __________ variable. A __________ is also included, receiving no fertilizer. Before the experiment, the scientist formed a __________, predicting that more fertilizer will lead to taller plants. After analyzing the data, the scientist can draw ___________ about the effect of fertilizer on plant growth.
🤔 Part C: Critical Thinking
A student notices that their houseplant is not growing as well as it used to. Describe how they could use the scientific method to investigate why their plant is not thriving. Include at least three specific steps they could take, and explain the purpose of each step.