Solubility refers to the ability of a substance (solute) to dissolve in a solvent. In AP Chemistry, solubility is often discussed in the context of equilibrium and $K_{sp}$, the solubility product constant. A substance's solubility is affected by factors like temperature, pressure (for gases), and the presence of common ions. Solubility rules help predict whether a precipitate will form when mixing solutions.
Match each term with its correct definition:
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| 1. Solute | A. The substance in which a solute dissolves. |
| 2. Solvent | B. The concentration of a saturated solution. |
| 3. Saturated Solution | C. The substance that dissolves in a solvent. |
| 4. Solubility | D. A solution that contains the maximum amount of dissolved solute at a given temperature. |
| 5. $K_{sp}$ | E. The equilibrium constant for the dissolution of a solid substance into an aqueous solution. |
Complete the following paragraph with the correct terms:
The ___________ is the substance being dissolved, while the ___________ is the substance doing the dissolving. A solution is considered ___________ when it contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a given temperature. The ___________ represents the equilibrium constant for the dissolution of a solid, and can be used to calculate the ___________ of a compound.
Explain how the common ion effect influences the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt. Use an example of your choice to illustrate your explanation.
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