Examples of Traits Explained by Mendel's Laws

📚 Quick Study Guide

• 🧬 Mendel's First Law (Law of Segregation): Each individual has two alleles for each trait, and these alleles separate during gamete formation. Each gamete carries only one allele for each trait.
• 🌱 Mendel's Second Law (Law of Independent Assortment): Genes for different traits are inherited independently of each other, provided they are on different chromosomes.
• 📌 Dominant vs. Recessive Alleles: Dominant alleles mask the expression of recessive alleles when both are present in an individual.
• 📝 Genotype vs. Phenotype: Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an individual, while phenotype refers to the observable traits.
• ➗ Punnett Squares: Punnett squares are used to predict the genotypes and phenotypes of offspring from a cross between two parents.

🧪 Practice Quiz

1. What is an example of a trait explained by Mendel's Laws in pea plants?
   1. Seed shape
   2. Flower color
   3. Plant height
   4. All of the above


2. In humans, brown eye color (B) is dominant over blue eye color (b). If a heterozygous brown-eyed person (Bb) has a child with a blue-eyed person (bb), what is the probability that the child will have blue eyes?
   1. 0%
   2. 25%
   3. 50%
   4. 75%


3. Which of Mendel's Laws explains why a tall pea plant can produce gametes with either the tall allele or the dwarf allele?
   1. Law of Dominance
   2. Law of Independent Assortment
   3. Law of Segregation
   4. Law of Unit Characters


4. In guinea pigs, black fur (B) is dominant over white fur (b). If two heterozygous black fur guinea pigs (Bb) are crossed, what percentage of their offspring is expected to have white fur?
   1. 0%
   2. 25%
   3. 50%
   4. 75%


5. If a plant with the genotype AaBb self-pollinates, and the genes A and B are on different chromosomes, what is the expected ratio of phenotypes in the offspring?
   1. 1:1:1:1
   2. 3:1
   3. 9:3:3:1
   4. 1:2:1


6. A homozygous red-flowered plant (RR) is crossed with a homozygous white-flowered plant (rr). All the $F_1$ generation plants have pink flowers (Rr). What type of inheritance is this?
   1. Complete Dominance
   2. Incomplete Dominance
   3. Codominance
   4. Sex-linked Inheritance


7. Suppose you cross a plant with round and yellow seeds (RRYY) with a plant with wrinkled and green seeds (rryy). What will be the genotype of the $F_1$ generation?
   1. RRYY
   2. rryy
   3. RrYy
   4. RrYY