AP Biology Questions on Animal and Plant Cytokinesis

🧪 Quick Study Guide

• 🧬 Cytokinesis: This is the process where the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell divides to form two daughter cells.
• 🐾 Animal Cytokinesis: In animal cells, cytokinesis occurs through the formation of a cleavage furrow. This furrow is a contractile ring made of actin filaments and myosin.
• 🌱 Plant Cytokinesis: In plant cells, cytokinesis involves the formation of a cell plate. Vesicles containing cell wall material fuse to form a new cell wall and plasma membrane between the daughter cells.
• 🔬 Key Difference: The main difference is the mechanism: contractile ring in animals vs. cell plate formation in plants.
• 📊 Similarities: Both processes ensure that each daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes and organelles.
• 💡 Regulation: Cytokinesis is tightly regulated to ensure accurate cell division and prevent errors that can lead to diseases.

Practice Quiz

1. Which of the following structures is responsible for cytokinesis in animal cells?
   1. A. Cell plate
   2. B. Cleavage furrow
   3. C. Middle lamella
   4. D. Phragmoplast
2. What is the primary component of the contractile ring in animal cell cytokinesis?
   1. A. Cellulose
   2. B. Chitin
   3. C. Actin filaments
   4. D. Peptidoglycan
3. In plant cells, what structure forms during cytokinesis to create a new cell wall?
   1. A. Cleavage furrow
   2. B. Contractile ring
   3. C. Cell plate
   4. D. Nuclear envelope
4. What type of vesicles contribute to the formation of the cell plate in plant cytokinesis?
   1. A. Lysosomes
   2. B. Peroxisomes
   3. C. Golgi vesicles
   4. D. Endoplasmic reticulum vesicles
5. Which of the following is NOT a function of cytokinesis?
   1. A. Dividing the cytoplasm
   2. B. Separating sister chromatids
   3. C. Forming two daughter cells
   4. D. Distributing organelles
6. What protein is primarily responsible for the contraction of the cleavage furrow in animal cells?
   1. A. Tubulin
   2. B. Myosin
   3. C. Keratin
   4. D. Collagen
7. What is the equivalent of the middle lamella in plant cells?
   1. A. Primary cell wall
   2. B. Secondary cell wall
   3. C. Plasma membrane
   4. D. Cell plate