Examples of Endocrine Disorders and Their Causes

📚 Quick Study Guide

• 🧠 The endocrine system is a network of glands that produce and release hormones, which regulate various bodily functions.
• 🧬 Endocrine disorders occur when the glands produce too much or too little of a hormone, or when the body doesn't respond to hormones properly.
• 🔬 Causes of endocrine disorders can include genetic factors, infections, injuries, or tumors.
• 🩺 Diagnosis often involves blood tests, urine tests, and imaging scans.
• 💊 Treatment typically involves hormone replacement therapy, medication to block hormone production, or surgery.
• 📈 Common examples include diabetes mellitus (problems with insulin), hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid), and hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid).
• 📊 Understanding feedback loops (positive and negative) is essential for comprehending hormonal regulation.

🧪 Practice Quiz

1. What is the primary cause of type 1 diabetes?
   1. A. Insulin resistance
   2. B. Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
   3. C. Excessive glucose intake
   4. D. Lack of physical activity
2. Which of the following is a symptom of hypothyroidism?
   1. A. Weight loss
   2. B. Increased heart rate
   3. C. Fatigue
   4. D. Excessive sweating
3. What hormone is overproduced in Cushing's syndrome?
   1. A. Insulin
   2. B. Cortisol
   3. C. Thyroxine
   4. D. Growth hormone
4. Which endocrine gland is affected in Addison's disease?
   1. A. Thyroid gland
   2. B. Adrenal glands
   3. C. Pituitary gland
   4. D. Pancreas
5. What is the primary function of the parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
   1. A. Lowering blood glucose levels
   2. B. Increasing blood calcium levels
   3. C. Regulating sleep-wake cycles
   4. D. Stimulating growth
6. Acromegaly is caused by the overproduction of which hormone?
   1. A. Estrogen
   2. B. Testosterone
   3. C. Growth hormone
   4. D. Progesterone
7. What condition results from a deficiency in antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
   1. A. Diabetes mellitus
   2. B. Diabetes insipidus
   3. C. Hyperthyroidism
   4. D. Hypothyroidism