AP Biology questions on viral replication

📚 Quick Study Guide

• 🧬 Viral replication is the process by which viruses produce more copies of themselves.
• 🦠 Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites, meaning they require a host cell to replicate.
• 🔑 The basic steps of viral replication include: attachment, penetration, uncoating, replication, assembly, and release.
• 🎯 Attachment: The virus binds to specific receptors on the host cell surface.
• 💉 Penetration: The virus enters the host cell through endocytosis or membrane fusion.
• 🔓 Uncoating: The viral genome is released from the capsid.
• 复制 Replication: The viral genome is copied, and viral proteins are synthesized.
• 📦 Assembly: New viral particles are assembled.
• 释放 Release: New viral particles are released from the host cell, often causing cell lysis.
• 🌡️ Different viruses use different mechanisms for replication, depending on their genome type (DNA or RNA).
• 📝 Retroviruses, like HIV, use reverse transcriptase to convert their RNA genome into DNA, which is then integrated into the host cell's genome.

🧪 Practice Quiz

1. Which of the following is NOT a step in viral replication?
   1. Attachment
   2. Binary Fission
   3. Replication
   4. Release
2. What is the function of reverse transcriptase in retroviruses?
   1. To integrate viral DNA into the host genome
   2. To synthesize DNA from an RNA template
   3. To degrade the host cell's DNA
   4. To assemble the viral capsid
3. During which stage of viral replication does the viral genome get released from its protein coat?
   1. Attachment
   2. Penetration
   3. Uncoating
   4. Assembly
4. What is the term for the process where new viral particles are put together?
   1. Replication
   2. Transcription
   3. Translation
   4. Assembly
5. What is the initial step in viral replication?
   1. Penetration
   2. Attachment
   3. Replication
   4. Release
6. A virus that infects bacteria is known as a:
   1. Bacteriophage
   2. Retrovirus
   3. Viroid
   4. Prion
7. Which of the following describes viruses?
   1. Obligate intracellular parasites
   2. Free-living organisms
   3. Able to reproduce independently
   4. Not containing genetic material