AP Biology Questions on Carbohydrates: Test Your Knowledge

📚 Quick Study Guide

• 🧪 Definition: Carbohydrates are organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, often with a hydrogen-oxygen ratio of 2:1, hence the name 'hydrate of carbon'.
• 🧬 Monomers: The basic building blocks of carbohydrates are monosaccharides (simple sugars) like glucose, fructose, and galactose.
• 🔢 Disaccharides: Two monosaccharides joined by a glycosidic bond form a disaccharide, e.g., sucrose (glucose + fructose), lactose (glucose + galactose), maltose (glucose + glucose).
• 🌾 Polysaccharides: Long chains of monosaccharides linked together. Examples include starch (energy storage in plants), glycogen (energy storage in animals), and cellulose (structural component of plant cell walls).
• 💡 Functions: Carbohydrates serve as a primary source of energy for living organisms and provide structural support in plants and some animals.
• ⚡ Energy Storage: Starch in plants and glycogen in animals are used to store energy. When energy is needed, these polysaccharides are broken down into glucose.
• 🧱 Structural Roles: Cellulose is a major structural component of plant cell walls, providing rigidity and support. Chitin forms the exoskeleton of arthropods and cell walls of fungi.

Practice Quiz

1. Which of the following is a monosaccharide?
   1. A. Sucrose
   2. B. Starch
   3. C. Glucose
   4. D. Cellulose
2. What type of bond joins two monosaccharides together?
   1. A. Peptide bond
   2. B. Hydrogen bond
   3. C. Glycosidic bond
   4. D. Ester bond
3. Which polysaccharide is used for energy storage in plants?
   1. A. Glycogen
   2. B. Cellulose
   3. C. Chitin
   4. D. Starch
4. Which polysaccharide is a major component of plant cell walls?
   1. A. Glycogen
   2. B. Cellulose
   3. C. Starch
   4. D. Chitin
5. What is the monomer of polysaccharides?
   1. A. Amino acid
   2. B. Fatty acid
   3. C. Nucleotide
   4. D. Monosaccharide
6. Which of the following disaccharides is composed of glucose and fructose?
   1. A. Maltose
   2. B. Lactose
   3. C. Sucrose
   4. D. Galactose
7. Which of the following is a function of carbohydrates?
   1. A. Store genetic information
   2. B. Catalyze reactions
   3. C. Provide energy
   4. D. Form hormones