The ABO blood group system is a crucial classification of human blood based on the presence or absence of A and B antigens on the surface of red blood cells. These antigens are inherited, meaning they are passed down from parents to their offspring. In addition to A and B antigens, the presence or absence of the Rh factor determines whether a blood type is positive (+) or negative (-). Understanding ABO blood groups is essential in blood transfusions to prevent adverse reactions and ensure compatibility between donor and recipient.
Blood transfusions require careful matching of blood types. If incompatible blood types are mixed, the recipient's immune system may recognize the donor's blood cells as foreign and launch an attack, leading to a potentially life-threatening reaction. Therefore, healthcare professionals must always verify blood types before any transfusion procedure. The ABO blood group system, along with the Rh factor, plays a vital role in ensuring safe and effective medical treatments.
Match the terms with their definitions:
Complete the following paragraph with the correct terms:
A person with type A blood has ________ on their red blood cells and ________ in their plasma. Type O blood has neither ________ nor ________ on the red blood cells but has both ________ and ________ in the plasma. This is why Type O- is known as the universal ________, while Type AB+ is known as the universal ________.
Explain why it is important to know a patient's blood type before performing a blood transfusion. What could happen if an incompatible blood type is transfused?
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