π Topic Summary
Plate tectonics is the theory that Earth's outer shell (the lithosphere) is divided into several plates that glide over the mantle, the rocky inner layer above the core. These plates are constantly moving, interacting in various ways that create earthquakes, volcanoes, mountain ranges, and oceanic trenches. Understanding the different types of plate boundaries β convergent, divergent, and transform β is crucial for explaining many of Earth's surface features and human activities related to these geological processes. For AP Human Geography, understanding how these processes impact human settlements, resource distribution, and vulnerability to natural hazards is key.
π Part A: Vocabulary
Match the term with its correct definition:
| Term |
Definition |
| 1. Convergent Boundary |
A. Boundary where plates slide past each other horizontally. |
| 2. Divergent Boundary |
B. The process by which new oceanic crust forms at mid-ocean ridges. |
| 3. Transform Boundary |
C. Boundary where plates move away from each other. |
| 4. Subduction |
D. Boundary where plates collide. |
| 5. Sea-Floor Spreading |
E. One plate slides beneath another. |
(Answers: 1-D, 2-C, 3-A, 4-E, 5-B)
πΊοΈ Part B: Fill in the Blanks
Complete the following paragraph with the correct terms. Choose from: earthquakes, volcanoes, lithosphere, mantle, plate boundaries.
The Earth's outer layer, called the __________, is broken into several plates. These plates float on the __________. Most __________ and __________ occur near __________, where plates interact.
(Answers: lithosphere, mantle, earthquakes, volcanoes, plate boundaries)
π€ Part C: Critical Thinking
How does the theory of plate tectonics explain the distribution of volcanoes and earthquakes around the Pacific Ring of Fire? Discuss the specific type of plate boundary interaction that is responsible for this pattern.