Real-World Examples of Surface Irrigation Techniques

📚 Quick Study Guide

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• Surface Irrigation: Water is distributed across the land surface by gravity.
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• Types: Include border irrigation, basin irrigation, furrow irrigation, and contour irrigation.
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• Border Irrigation: Fields are divided into strips (borders) separated by low ridges; water flows down these strips.
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• Basin Irrigation: Flooding entire fields enclosed by bunds; suitable for crops that tolerate standing water (e.g., rice).
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• Furrow Irrigation: Water flows in small channels (furrows) between crop rows; efficient for row crops like corn and potatoes.
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• Contour Irrigation: Furrows follow the contour lines of the land, minimizing soil erosion on slopes.
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• Efficiency Factors: Soil type, slope, water quality, and crop type all affect efficiency.

🧪 Practice Quiz

1. What is the primary force driving water distribution in surface irrigation techniques?
   1. A. Pumps
   2. B. Gravity
   3. C. Capillary Action
   4. D. Pressure
2. Which type of surface irrigation is best suited for crops that can tolerate standing water, like rice?
   1. A. Furrow Irrigation
   2. B. Border Irrigation
   3. C. Basin Irrigation
   4. D. Contour Irrigation
3. In furrow irrigation, where does the water flow?
   1. A. Over the entire field
   2. B. In small channels between crop rows
   3. C. Through underground pipes
   4. D. Sprayed from above
4. Which surface irrigation method is designed to minimize soil erosion on sloping land?
   1. A. Basin Irrigation
   2. B. Border Irrigation
   3. C. Furrow Irrigation
   4. D. Contour Irrigation
5. In border irrigation, what separates the strips of land?
   1. A. Deep trenches
   2. B. High walls
   3. C. Low ridges
   4. D. Wide roads
6. Which factor does NOT significantly affect the efficiency of surface irrigation?
   1. A. Soil type
   2. B. Crop type
   3. C. Water quality
   4. D. Air temperature
7. Which of the following crops is MOST likely to be irrigated using furrow irrigation?
   1. A. Rice
   2. B. Wheat
   3. C. Corn
   4. D. Pasture Grass