π Spanish-American War Timeline: Key Events and Dates
The Spanish-American War was a brief but impactful conflict between Spain and the United States in 1898. It resulted in Spain losing its control over colonies like Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines, while the United States gained considerable influence on the world stage.
π History and Background
Tensions had been brewing for years, primarily due to Spain's colonial policies in Cuba, which were seen as oppressive. American business interests in Cuba, coupled with growing sympathy for the Cuban revolutionaries, fueled public sentiment for intervention. The explosion of the USS Maine in Havana harbor served as the spark that ignited the war.
ποΈ Key Events and Dates
- π₯ February 15, 1898: Explosion of the USS Maine in Havana Harbor. The sinking of the USS Maine, though of disputed cause, inflamed American public opinion and served as a catalyst for war.
- π’ April 19, 1898: U.S. Congress passes a joint resolution declaring Cuba independent and authorizing the president to use military force to remove Spanish authority. This was essentially a declaration of war.
- βοΈ April 25, 1898: The United States officially declares war on Spain.
- β May 1, 1898: Battle of Manila Bay. The U.S. Navy, under Commodore George Dewey, decisively defeats the Spanish fleet in Manila Bay, Philippines.
- β°οΈ June 22-24, 1898: U.S. Marines land in Cuba at Guantanamo Bay, establishing a beachhead.
- βοΈ July 1, 1898: Battle of San Juan Hill. U.S. forces, including the Rough Riders led by Theodore Roosevelt, capture San Juan Hill in Cuba, a pivotal victory.
- β July 3, 1898: Battle of Santiago de Cuba. The U.S. Navy destroys the Spanish fleet off the coast of Cuba, effectively ending Spanish naval power in the Caribbean.
- π€ August 12, 1898: Spain and the United States sign an armistice, ceasing hostilities.
- βοΈ December 10, 1898: Treaty of Paris is signed, officially ending the Spanish-American War. Spain cedes Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Guam to the United States and sells the Philippines to the U.S. for $20 million.
π Global Impact
The Spanish-American War marked a turning point in American history. It signaled the rise of the United States as a global power, with new territories and increased influence in international affairs. It also led to debates within the U.S. about the morality and implications of imperialism.
π€ Conclusion
The Spanish-American War was a short but significant conflict that reshaped the geopolitical landscape. Understanding the key events and dates helps to grasp the war's causes, course, and consequences, and its lasting impact on both the United States and the world.