π Topic Summary
Marxist criticism examines literature through the lens of class struggle, power dynamics, and economic inequality. When applied to Shakespeare's *The Tempest*, this approach highlights the exploitation of Caliban, the social hierarchy established by Prospero, and the play's commentary on colonialism. By analyzing the characters' relationships to production and power, we can uncover the play's critique of social injustice and the manipulation of resources.
Furthermore, a Marxist reading explores how Prospero, representing the colonizer, uses magic and manipulation to control the island's resources and its inhabitants. Caliban's enslavement and his attempts to resist Prospero's authority become central to understanding the play's themes of oppression and resistance.
π§ Part A: Vocabulary
Match the following terms with their definitions:
| Term |
Definition |
| 1. Bourgeoisie |
A. The system of economic production and distribution of resources. |
| 2. Proletariat |
B. The ruling class that controls the means of production. |
| 3. Means of Production |
C. False consciousness that prevents the working class from recognizing their oppression. |
| 4. Ideology |
D. The working class, who sell their labor for wages. |
| 5. False Consciousness |
E. A set of beliefs and values that supports the existing power structure. |
Match the numbers to the letters. For example, 1-A, 2-B, etc.
π Part B: Fill in the Blanks
In *The Tempest*, __________ can be seen as a representation of the __________, forced into servitude by Prospero, who embodies the __________ class. Prospero's use of __________ reflects the control of resources, and Caliban's desire for __________ highlights the struggle against oppression. The play questions the __________ justifications for colonialism and explores the consequences of imposed power structures.
Choose from the following words: Ideological, Caliban, Freedom, Proletariat, Bourgeoisie, Magic
π‘ Part C: Critical Thinking
How does Shakespeare use the character of Ariel to both reinforce and complicate a Marxist reading of *The Tempest*? Consider Ariel's position in the play's hierarchy and his relationship to both Prospero and Caliban.