Relative clauses and non-relative clauses both add extra information to a sentence, but they do so in different ways. Understanding the distinction is key to writing clear and grammatically correct sentences.
A relative clause is a type of subordinate clause that modifies a noun or noun phrase. It provides essential information that is necessary to identify the noun it modifies. Without a relative clause, the meaning of the sentence would be incomplete or unclear.
A non-relative clause (also known as a non-restrictive clause) adds extra information about a noun or noun phrase, but this information is not essential for identifying the noun. The sentence would still make sense without the non-relative clause. Non-relative clauses are always set off by commas.
| Feature | Relative Clause | Non-Relative Clause |
|---|---|---|
| Purpose | Provides essential information to identify the noun. | Adds extra, non-essential information about the noun. |
| Necessity | Essential to the meaning of the sentence. | Not essential; the sentence makes sense without it. |
| Punctuation | Not set off by commas. | Always set off by commas. |
| Pronouns/Adverbs | Uses relative pronouns like who, that, which, whose, and relative adverbs like where, when, why. | Uses relative pronouns like who, which, whose, and relative adverbs like where, when, why. (That is NOT used.) |
| Example | The book that I borrowed from the library is due tomorrow. | My sister, who lives in New York, is coming to visit. |
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