Priming Effects Study Guide: Key Concepts and Examples

🧠 Quick Study Guide

• ⏱️ Priming is a psychological phenomenon where exposure to one stimulus influences a response to a subsequent stimulus.
• 🎯 It operates outside of conscious awareness, subtly shaping our thoughts and behaviors.
• 📚 Types of Priming:
  • ✨ Semantic Priming: Related words or concepts (e.g., 'doctor' primes 'nurse').
  • 👁️‍🗨️ Repetition Priming: Repeated exposure to the same stimulus (e.g., seeing the word 'apple' multiple times).
  • 🎭 Associative Priming: Association between two unrelated items (e.g., 'salt' primes 'pepper').
  • Affective Priming: Exposure to stimulus can influence mood and emotion.
• 🧪 Examples include:
• 🍎 Subliminal advertising: Showing images so quickly that people don't consciously see them but are still influenced.
• 🗣️ Suggesting scenarios: Describing a situation to influence someone's subsequent behavior.
• 💡 Key Takeaway: Priming demonstrates how our brains constantly make associations and how these can be leveraged.

✍️ Practice Quiz

1. Which type of priming involves related words or concepts?
   1. Semantic Priming
   2. Repetition Priming
   3. Associative Priming
   4. Perceptual Priming


2. Seeing the word 'coffee' makes you think of 'tea'. This is an example of which type of priming?
   1. Repetition Priming
   2. Semantic Priming
   3. Associative Priming
   4. Masked Priming


3. Repeatedly showing the same logo in an advertisement is an example of:
   1. Semantic Priming
   2. Repetition Priming
   3. Associative Priming
   4. Affective Priming


4. If you see the word 'salt', which word are you most likely to recognize faster due to associative priming?
   1. Sugar
   2. Pepper
   3. Vinegar
   4. Water


5. Priming effects operate:
   1. Consciously
   2. Subconsciously
   3. Equally consciously and subconsciously
   4. Only in controlled experiments


6. Which of the following is an example of affective priming?
   1. Seeing a sad movie and then feeling down
   2. Reading the word "red" and then recognizing the color red faster
   3. Hearing a song and remembering a specific event
   4. Smelling a familiar scent and remembering a childhood memory


7. Priming is often used in:
   1. Classical Conditioning
   2. Operant Conditioning
   3. Advertising
   4. Psychoanalysis