AP Psychology Quiz: Testing Your Knowledge of Genetics and Behavior

🧬 Quick Study Guide

• 🔬 Genes vs. Environment: The ongoing debate of nature versus nurture in influencing behavior.
• 👪 Family Studies: 🔍 Analyze traits among family members to determine genetic influences.
• 👯 Twin Studies: Comparing identical ($100\%$ shared genes) and fraternal twins ($50\%$ shared genes) to assess heritability.
• 🧪 Adoption Studies: Examining similarities between adopted children and their biological and adoptive parents.
• 🧠 Heritability: A statistical measure ($h^2$) representing the proportion of phenotypic variation attributable to genetic variation. $h^2 = \frac{V_G}{V_P}$, where $V_G$ is genetic variance and $V_P$ is phenotypic variance.
• 🧬 Chromosomes & Genes: Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes; genes are segments of DNA that code for specific traits.
• 💡 Epigenetics: Changes in gene expression (phenotype) that do not involve changes to the underlying DNA sequence (genotype). Environmental factors can influence epigenetic modifications.

🧠 Practice Quiz

1. Which research method is most helpful for estimating heritability?
   1. A) Case Study
   2. B) Naturalistic Observation
   3. C) Twin Study
   4. D) Survey
2. What does 'nature' refer to in the 'nature vs. nurture' debate?
   1. A) Environmental Influences
   2. B) Genetic Influences
   3. C) Learned Behaviors
   4. D) Cultural Norms
3. What is the approximate percentage of shared genes between fraternal twins?
   1. A) 25%
   2. B) 50%
   3. C) 75%
   4. D) 100%
4. Which of the following is an example of an epigenetic change?
   1. A) A mutation in a DNA sequence
   2. B) Alteration in gene expression due to environmental factors
   3. C) Inheritance of eye color from parents
   4. D) Changes in chromosome number
5. What is the main focus of adoption studies?
   1. A) Comparing the IQ scores of siblings
   2. B) Examining similarities between adopted children and their biological and adoptive parents
   3. C) Assessing the impact of different parenting styles
   4. D) Studying the effects of poverty on child development
6. Which statistical measure represents the proportion of phenotypic variation attributable to genetic variation?
   1. A) Standard Deviation
   2. B) Correlation Coefficient
   3. C) Heritability
   4. D) P-value
7. How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?
   1. A) 22
   2. B) 23
   3. C) 24
   4. D) 46