cell structure and function quiz

🧬 Quick Study Guide

• 🦠 Cell Theory: 💡 All living things are composed of cells; the cell is the basic functional unit of life; cells arise from pre-existing cells.
• 🧱 Cell Structures:
  • 📦 Cell Membrane: 🛡️ Outer boundary, controls what enters and exits.
  • cytoplasm: 🌊 Jelly-like substance inside the cell.
  • nucleus: 🧠 Control center, contains DNA.
  • ribosomes: ⚙️ Make proteins.
  • mitochondria: 🔥 Powerhouse of the cell, produces energy (ATP).
  • endoplasmic reticulum (ER): 🚚 Transports materials within the cell.
    • rough ER: 🚧 Has ribosomes, involved in protein synthesis.
    • smooth ER: 🛢️ No ribosomes, involved in lipid synthesis.
  • golgi apparatus: 📦 Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids.
  • lysosomes: 🗑️ Breaks down waste materials.
  • vacuoles: 💧 Stores water, nutrients, and waste.
  • cell wall (plants only): 🌳 Provides support and protection.
  • chloroplasts (plants only): ☀️ Site of photosynthesis.
• 🌱 Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells:
  • prokaryotic: 🦠 No nucleus or membrane-bound organelles (e.g., bacteria).
  • eukaryotic: 🍄 Have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles (e.g., animal, plant, fungi, protists).
• 🔄 Cellular Processes:
  • diffusion: 💨 Movement of molecules from high to low concentration.
  • osmosis: 💧 Movement of water across a semipermeable membrane.
  • active transport: 💪 Requires energy to move molecules against a concentration gradient.

🔬 Practice Quiz

1. Which of the following is NOT a part of the cell theory?
   1. All living things are composed of cells.
   2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.
   3. All cells have a nucleus.
   4. Cells come from pre-existing cells.
2. Which organelle is responsible for generating energy (ATP) in the cell?
   1. Ribosome
   2. Mitochondrion
   3. Endoplasmic Reticulum
   4. Golgi Apparatus
3. What is the main function of the cell membrane?
   1. To provide energy for the cell
   2. To control what enters and exits the cell
   3. To store genetic information
   4. To synthesize proteins
4. Which type of cell does NOT have a nucleus?
   1. Eukaryotic
   2. Prokaryotic
   3. Plant
   4. Animal
5. Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?
   1. Lysosome
   2. Golgi Apparatus
   3. Ribosome
   4. Vacuole
6. What is the process of water moving across a semipermeable membrane called?
   1. Diffusion
   2. Active Transport
   3. Osmosis
   4. Facilitated Diffusion
7. Which structure is found in plant cells but not in animal cells?
   1. Mitochondrion
   2. Cell Membrane
   3. Cell Wall
   4. Nucleus