Non-Mendelian inheritance examples

📚 Quick Study Guide

• 🧬 Mendelian Inheritance Recap: Mendel's laws describe inheritance of traits controlled by single genes with two alleles, one dominant and one recessive.
• 🔄 Non-Mendelian Inheritance: Refers to inheritance patterns that don't follow Mendel's laws. These involve multiple alleles, gene interactions, and other factors.
• 🤝 Incomplete Dominance: Neither allele is completely dominant; the heterozygote exhibits an intermediate phenotype (e.g., red and white flowers producing pink flowers).
• 🔴⚪ Codominance: Both alleles are expressed equally in the heterozygote (e.g., blood type AB).
• 🅰️🅱️🅾️ Multiple Alleles: More than two alleles exist for a particular gene in the population (e.g., ABO blood group system).
• ⛓️ Linked Genes: Genes located close together on the same chromosome tend to be inherited together.
• 🌍 Environmental Effects: Environmental factors can influence gene expression and phenotype.
• 🧬 Epigenetics: Changes in gene expression that do not involve alterations to the DNA sequence itself.

🧪 Practice Quiz

1. Which of the following is an example of incomplete dominance?
   1. A) A red flower and a white flower producing all red flowers.
   2. B) A red flower and a white flower producing all white flowers.
   3. C) A red flower and a white flower producing all pink flowers.
   4. D) A red flower and a white flower producing red and white spotted flowers.
2. What is codominance?
   1. A) One allele is dominant over the other.
   2. B) Both alleles are equally expressed.
   3. C) Alleles blend to create a new phenotype.
   4. D) The heterozygote shows a recessive phenotype.
3. The ABO blood group system is an example of:
   1. A) Complete dominance.
   2. B) Incomplete dominance.
   3. C) Codominance and multiple alleles.
   4. D) Sex-linked inheritance.
4. What happens to genes that are linked?
   1. A) They assort independently.
   2. B) They are always separated during meiosis.
   3. C) They tend to be inherited together.
   4. D) They are located on different chromosomes.
5. Which of the following can influence gene expression?
   1. A) Environmental factors.
   2. B) DNA sequence.
   3. C) Only dominant alleles.
   4. D) Only recessive alleles.
6. What is epigenetics?
   1. A) Alterations to the DNA sequence.
   2. B) Changes in gene expression without altering the DNA sequence.
   3. C) The study of dominant alleles.
   4. D) The study of recessive alleles.
7. A plant has three alleles for leaf shape: round (R), oval (O), and pointed (P). If a plant with genotype RO has both round and oval leaves, this is an example of:
   1. A) Complete dominance.
   2. B) Incomplete dominance.
   3. C) Codominance.
   4. D) Sex-linked inheritance.