Acid-base reactions stoichiometry examples

📚 Quick Study Guide

• ⚖️ Stoichiometry is all about the quantitative relationships between reactants and products in a chemical reaction.
• 🧪 Acid-base reactions involve the transfer of protons ($H^+$) from an acid to a base.
• 🔢 The general form of an acid-base reaction is: $Acid + Base \rightarrow Salt + Water$
• 💡 To balance acid-base reactions stoichiometrically, make sure the number of atoms of each element and the total charge are the same on both sides of the equation.
• 📝 Strong acids and bases completely dissociate in water, while weak acids and bases only partially dissociate.
• ⚗️ Use molar mass to convert between grams and moles. Molarity (M) is moles of solute per liter of solution.
• 🌡️ Titration is a common technique to determine the concentration of an unknown acid or base using a solution of known concentration.

Practice Quiz

1. What is the stoichiometric ratio of $H_2SO_4$ to $NaOH$ in the following balanced reaction: $H_2SO_4 + 2NaOH \rightarrow Na_2SO_4 + 2H_2O$?
   1. 1:1
   2. 1:2
   3. 2:1
   4. 2:2
2. If 2 moles of $HCl$ react completely with $Mg(OH)_2$, how many moles of $MgCl_2$ will be produced? The balanced reaction is: $2HCl + Mg(OH)_2 \rightarrow MgCl_2 + 2H_2O$
   1. 0.5
   2. 1
   3. 2
   4. 4
3. How many grams of $NaOH$ are needed to completely neutralize 50 mL of a 1 M $HCl$ solution? (Molar mass of $NaOH$ = 40 g/mol)
   1. 1 g
   2. 2 g
   3. 4 g
   4. 8 g
4. In the reaction $HNO_3 + KOH \rightarrow KNO_3 + H_2O$, what volume of 0.5 M $HNO_3$ is required to neutralize 20 mL of 0.25 M $KOH$?
   1. 5 mL
   2. 10 mL
   3. 15 mL
   4. 20 mL
5. What is the molarity of an $HBr$ solution if 25 mL of it is neutralized by 30 mL of 0.1 M $NaOH$?
   1. 0.083 M
   2. 0.10 M
   3. 0.12 M
   4. 0.15 M
6. If 10 g of $CaCO_3$ reacts with excess $HCl$, how many moles of $CO_2$ are produced? (Molar mass of $CaCO_3$ = 100 g/mol; Reaction: $CaCO_3 + 2HCl \rightarrow CaCl_2 + H_2O + CO_2$)
   1. 0.05
   2. 0.1
   3. 0.2
   4. 0.4
7. Which of the following is NOT a strong acid?
   1. $HCl$
   2. $H_2SO_4$
   3. $HNO_3$
   4. $CH_3COOH$