Multiple Choice Questions on Lists, Stacks, and Queues in Java

📚 Quick Study Guide

• 📝 List: An ordered collection (sequence) of elements. Allows duplicates. Implemented with `ArrayList` or `LinkedList`.
• ➕ ArrayList: Resizable array. Fast for accessing elements by index but slower for insertions/deletions in the middle.
• 🔗 LinkedList: Doubly-linked list. Fast for insertions/deletions in the middle but slower for accessing elements by index.
• ⬆️ Stack: LIFO (Last-In, First-Out) data structure. Implemented using `Stack` class (extends `Vector`) or `Deque` interface (e.g., `ArrayDeque`).
• ➡️ Queue: FIFO (First-In, First-Out) data structure. Implemented using `Queue` interface (e.g., `LinkedList`, `PriorityQueue`).
• 💡 Common Stack Operations: `push()` (add element), `pop()` (remove top element), `peek()` (view top element), `isEmpty()`.
• 💫 Common Queue Operations: `offer()` (add element), `poll()` (remove head element), `peek()` (view head element), `isEmpty()`.

🧪 Practice Quiz

1. Which data structure follows the LIFO (Last-In, First-Out) principle?
   1. List
   2. Queue
   3. Stack
   4. Set
2. Which Java class is commonly used to implement a dynamic array (resizable array)?
   1. LinkedList
   2. Stack
   3. ArrayList
   4. Queue
3. Which data structure follows the FIFO (First-In, First-Out) principle?
   1. Stack
   2. List
   3. Queue
   4. Tree
4. Which of the following is NOT a common operation for a Stack?
   1. push()
   2. pop()
   3. offer()
   4. peek()
5. Which Java interface can be used to implement a Queue?
   1. List
   2. Set
   3. Map
   4. Queue
6. Which implementation of List is best suited for frequent insertions and deletions at arbitrary positions?
   1. ArrayList
   2. Stack
   3. LinkedList
   4. Vector
7. What is the primary difference between `ArrayList` and `LinkedList` in Java?
   1. `ArrayList` is synchronized, while `LinkedList` is not.
   2. `ArrayList` uses a dynamic array, while `LinkedList` uses a doubly-linked list.
   3. `ArrayList` allows duplicate elements, while `LinkedList` does not.
   4. There is no significant difference.