Common Examples of sp3 Hybridized Molecules

📚 Quick Study Guide

• ⚛️ sp3 hybridization involves the mixing of one s and three p atomic orbitals to form four new hybrid orbitals.
• 📐 These four sp3 hybrid orbitals are arranged in a tetrahedral geometry, with bond angles of approximately 109.5 degrees.
• 🔑 Key characteristics of sp3 hybridized molecules include: single bonds, tetrahedral shape, and saturation.
• 🧪 Example Formula: The general formula for alkanes (sp3 hybridized carbons) is $C_nH_{2n+2}$.
• 💡 Tips for Identifying: Look for carbon atoms bonded to four other atoms or groups.

Practice Quiz

1. Which of the following molecules exhibits sp3 hybridization at the central atom?
   1. A. $CO_2$
   2. B. $BF_3$
   3. C. $CH_4$
   4. D. $C_2H_2$
2. What is the approximate bond angle in a molecule with sp3 hybridization?
   1. A. 120 degrees
   2. B. 180 degrees
   3. C. 109.5 degrees
   4. D. 90 degrees
3. Which of the following is a characteristic of sp3 hybridized molecules?
   1. A. Presence of double bonds
   2. B. Linear geometry
   3. C. Tetrahedral geometry
   4. D. Planar geometry
4. Which molecule contains ONLY sp3 hybridized carbon atoms?
   1. A. Ethene ($C_2H_4$)
   2. B. Ethyne ($C_2H_2$)
   3. C. Benzene ($C_6H_6$)
   4. D. Ethane ($C_2H_6$)
5. In which of the following molecules is the nitrogen atom sp3 hybridized?
   1. A. $N_2$
   2. B. $NH_3$
   3. C. $HCN$
   4. D. $NO_2$
6. Which of the following molecules does *not* exhibit sp3 hybridization?
   1. A. $SiH_4$
   2. B. $H_2O$
   3. C. $BeCl_2$
   4. D. $CCl_4$
7. What is the hybridization of the oxygen atom in water ($H_2O$)?
   1. A. sp
   2. B. $sp^2$
   3. C. $sp^3$
   4. D. p