π§ͺ Acids vs. Bases: Definitions
Let's start with the basics. What *are* acids and bases?
- π¬ Acids: Acids are substances that donate hydrogen ions ($H^+$) in a solution. Think of them as proton donors. They typically have a sour taste.
- βοΈ Bases: Bases, on the other hand, accept hydrogen ions ($H^+$) in a solution. They are proton acceptors and often have a bitter taste and feel slippery.
π Acid vs. Base: The Ultimate Comparison Table
| Feature |
Acid |
Base |
| Definition |
Donates $H^+$ ions (Proton Donor) |
Accepts $H^+$ ions (Proton Acceptor) |
| Taste |
Sour |
Bitter |
| Feel |
May sting or burn |
Slippery |
| pH Level |
Less than 7 |
Greater than 7 |
| Litmus Paper Test |
Turns blue litmus paper red |
Turns red litmus paper blue |
| Examples |
Hydrochloric acid (HCl), Sulfuric acid ($H_2SO_4$), Acetic acid ($CH_3COOH$) |
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), Potassium hydroxide (KOH), Ammonia ($NH_3$) |
| Reactions |
Reacts with metals to produce hydrogen gas |
Neutralizes acids |
π Key Takeaways
- π‘ Acids donate, bases accept: Remember the fundamental difference β acids are proton ($H^+$) donors, while bases are proton acceptors.
- π‘οΈ pH scale matters: Acids have a pH less than 7, bases have a pH greater than 7. A pH of 7 is neutral.
- π Litmus test: Acids turn blue litmus paper red, and bases turn red litmus paper blue.
- βοΈ Neutralization: Acids and bases react together in a neutralization reaction, forming salt and water.