sp Hybridization Examples: Acetylene and Related Compounds

📚 Quick Study Guide

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• sp Hybridization: Occurs when one $s$ and one $p$ atomic orbital mix to form two $sp$ hybrid orbitals.
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• Geometry: Linear, with a bond angle of 180°.
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• Bonds: Each $sp$ hybrid orbital forms a sigma ($\sigma$) bond. The remaining two $p$ orbitals form two pi ($\pi$) bonds.
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• Acetylene ($\mathrm{C_2H_2}$): Each carbon atom is $sp$ hybridized.
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• Carbon-Carbon Triple Bond: Consists of one $\sigma$ bond and two $\pi$ bonds.
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• Related Compounds: Alkynes (compounds with carbon-carbon triple bonds) also exhibit $sp$ hybridization at the triply bonded carbons.
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• Formula for hybridization: Steric number = Number of sigma bonds + Number of lone pairs. sp hybridization occurs when the steric number is 2.

Practice Quiz

1. Which of the following molecules exhibits $sp$ hybridization in the central atom?
   1. $\mathrm{CH_4}$
   2. $\mathrm{H_2O}$
   3. $\mathrm{CO_2}$
   4. $\mathrm{NH_3}$
2. What is the bond angle associated with $sp$ hybridization?
   1. 90°
   2. 109.5°
   3. 120°
   4. 180°
3. How many sigma ($\sigma$) and pi ($\pi$) bonds are present in acetylene ($\mathrm{C_2H_2}$)?
   1. 2 $\sigma$ and 2 $\pi$
   2. 3 $\sigma$ and 1 $\pi$
   3. 3 $\sigma$ and 2 $\pi$
   4. 1 $\sigma$ and 3 $\pi$
4. Which of the following is a characteristic of $sp$ hybridized carbon atoms?
   1. Tetrahedral geometry
   2. Planar geometry
   3. Linear geometry
   4. Bent geometry
5. What is the steric number of a carbon atom that is $sp$ hybridized?
   1. 4
   2. 3
   3. 2
   4. 1
6. Which of the following compounds contains an $sp$ hybridized carbon atom?
   1. Ethane
   2. Ethene
   3. Ethyne
   4. Methane
7. In $sp$ hybridization, what orbitals mix to form the hybrid orbitals?
   1. One $s$ and three $p$ orbitals
   2. Two $s$ and two $p$ orbitals
   3. One $s$ and two $p$ orbitals
   4. One $s$ and one $p$ orbital