The states of matter – solid, liquid, and gas – are defined by their distinct properties arising from the arrangement and behavior of their constituent particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Transitions between these states (phase changes) involve the absorption or release of energy. Understanding these states and their interconversions is crucial for predicting the behavior of chemical substances under varying conditions of temperature and pressure. For AP Chemistry, focus on the intermolecular forces that influence these states and phase changes, as well as the energy calculations associated with them.
Match the following terms with their definitions:
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| 1. Sublimation | A. The state of matter with a definite volume but no definite shape. |
| 2. Vaporization | B. The process by which a solid changes directly into a gas. |
| 3. Condensation | C. The state of matter with no definite volume or shape. |
| 4. Liquid | D. The process by which a gas changes into a liquid. |
| 5. Gas | E. The process by which a liquid changes into a gas. |
Fill in the blanks using the following words: kinetic, intermolecular, melting, boiling, solid.
In a ______, the particles are tightly packed and have strong ________ forces. During ________, the particles gain enough ________ energy to overcome these forces and transition to a liquid. Further heating leads to ________, where the liquid transitions to a gas.
Explain how the strength of intermolecular forces affects the melting and boiling points of substances. Provide examples.
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