AP Biology quiz on recombination frequency and genetic mapping.

🧬 Quick Study Guide

• 🔬 Recombination frequency is the proportion of offspring resulting from the recombination of linked genes.
• 🧮 Recombination frequency is calculated as: $\frac{\text{Number of recombinant offspring}}{\text{Total number of offspring}} \times 100$.
• 📍 Genes located on different chromosomes or far apart on the same chromosome exhibit recombination frequencies close to 50% (independent assortment).
• 🗺️ Genetic maps are constructed based on recombination frequencies; 1% recombination frequency is approximately equivalent to 1 map unit (centimorgan, cM).
• 📝 The further apart two genes are on a chromosome, the higher the probability of recombination occurring between them.
• 💡 Double crossovers can lead to underestimation of map distances; mapping functions are used to correct for this.
• 🌱 Understanding recombination frequency helps predict the inheritance patterns of genes and traits.

🧪 Practice Quiz

1. What is recombination frequency a measure of?
   1. The rate of mutation in a gene.
   2. The likelihood of two genes being inherited together.
   3. The physical distance between two genes on a chromosome.
   4. The frequency of crossing over between two genes.
2. If the recombination frequency between gene A and gene B is 15%, what does this indicate?
   1. Gene A and gene B are located on different chromosomes.
   2. Gene A and gene B are very close to each other on the same chromosome.
   3. 15% of the offspring will inherit a recombinant combination of gene A and gene B alleles.
   4. Gene A and gene B are always inherited together.
3. Which of the following statements is true regarding genetic maps?
   1. Genetic maps are based on physical distances measured in base pairs.
   2. A map unit is equivalent to 10% recombination frequency.
   3. Genes with a higher recombination frequency are closer together on the chromosome.
   4. Genetic maps provide relative positions of genes on a chromosome.
4. Two genes, C and D, are 8 map units apart. What is the approximate recombination frequency between them?
   1. 8%
   2. 80%
   3. 0.8%
   4. 4%
5. What causes recombination between genes?
   1. DNA replication errors.
   2. Independent assortment of chromosomes.
   3. Crossing over during meiosis.
   4. Mutations in the genes.
6. If the recombination frequency between two genes is 50%, what can you conclude?
   1. The genes are located very close to each other on the same chromosome.
   2. The genes are unlinked.
   3. The genes are always inherited together.
   4. The genes are on different chromosomes or far apart on the same chromosome.
7. Which of the following can lead to an underestimation of the actual map distance between two genes?
   1. Single crossover events.
   2. Double crossover events.
   3. Gene mutations.
   4. Independent assortment.