🧬 Topic Summary
Mutations are alterations in the DNA sequence that can occur spontaneously or be induced by mutagens. These changes can lead to variations in gene expression and protein structure, ultimately impacting the phenotype of an organism. Understanding mutations is crucial in AP Biology because they drive evolution and can cause genetic disorders. They range from point mutations (single base changes) to large-scale chromosomal alterations.
🔬 Part A: Vocabulary
Match the following terms with their correct definitions:
| Term |
Definition |
| 1. Point Mutation |
A. A mutation that results in a premature stop codon. |
| 2. Frameshift Mutation |
B. A mutation involving a single nucleotide base. |
| 3. Nonsense Mutation |
C. A mutation that inserts or deletes nucleotides, shifting the reading frame. |
| 4. Missense Mutation |
D. A mutation that replaces one amino acid with another. |
| 5. Silent Mutation |
E. A mutation that does not change the amino acid sequence. |
(Match the numbers 1-5 to the letters A-E)
✍️ Part B: Fill in the Blanks
Complete the following paragraph with the correct terms:
A ________ mutation occurs when a single nucleotide is substituted for another. If this substitution leads to a different amino acid being incorporated into the protein, it is called a ________ mutation. However, if the substitution does not change the amino acid, it is a ________ mutation. ________ mutations involve the insertion or deletion of nucleotides, which can drastically alter the protein sequence.
🤔 Part C: Critical Thinking
Explain how mutations can be both harmful and beneficial to a population. Provide specific examples to support your answer.