Mutations are alterations in the DNA sequence that can arise spontaneously or be induced by mutagens. These changes can affect gene expression, which is the process by which the information encoded in a gene is used to synthesize a functional gene product, like a protein. Understanding how mutations impact gene expression is crucial for grasping concepts like genetic disorders, evolution, and the development of new therapies.
Match the terms with their definitions:
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| 1. Mutation | A. The process by which genetic information is used to synthesize a gene product. |
| 2. Gene Expression | B. An agent that can induce changes in DNA. |
| 3. Mutagen | C. A change in the DNA sequence. |
| 4. Transcription Factor | D. Alters a single base in the DNA sequence. |
| 5. Point Mutation | E. A protein that binds to specific DNA sequences, thereby controlling the rate of transcription. |
Match the correct term with the correct definitions.
Gene expression is a tightly regulated process. It involves two main steps: ________ and ________. In eukaryotes, this process often happens with the help of ________ that can either enhance or repress transcription. A ________ mutation occurs when a single nucleotide base is changed, potentially leading to a different amino acid being incorporated into a protein. These alterations can affect protein function and subsequently, ________.
Describe a scenario where a mutation in a non-coding region of DNA could still have a significant impact on gene expression and ultimately, the phenotype of an organism. Explain the mechanism through which this could occur.
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