Eukaryotic gene expression practice quiz

📚 Topic Summary

Eukaryotic gene expression is the process by which the information encoded in DNA is used to synthesize functional gene products, like proteins. Unlike prokaryotes, eukaryotes have a nucleus, meaning that transcription (DNA to RNA) and translation (RNA to protein) are separated. Eukaryotic gene expression is also more complex, involving a variety of regulatory mechanisms at different stages, from DNA accessibility to RNA processing and protein modification. This precise control is essential for cell differentiation, development, and responding to environmental changes.

🧠 Part A: Vocabulary

Match the following terms with their correct definitions:

1. Term: Enhancer
2. Term: Promoter
3. Term: Transcription Factor
4. Term: RNA Splicing
5. Term: Translation

Definitions (Unordered):

1. The process of converting mRNA into a protein.
2. A DNA sequence where RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription.
3. A DNA sequence that increases transcription of a gene.
4. Proteins that bind to DNA and regulate gene expression.
5. The removal of introns from pre-mRNA to produce mature mRNA.

🧪 Part B: Fill in the Blanks

Complete the following paragraph with the correct terms:

In eukaryotes, the DNA is first transcribed into pre-mRNA in the __________. This pre-mRNA undergoes processing, including __________ to remove non-coding regions. The resulting mature mRNA is then transported to the __________ where __________ occurs with the help of __________. This process results in the production of a polypeptide chain.

💡 Part C: Critical Thinking

Describe how histone modification and DNA methylation affect gene expression in eukaryotes.