Sex-linked traits are traits whose genes are found on the sex chromosomes (X and Y in humans). Because females have two X chromosomes (XX) and males have one X and one Y chromosome (XY), the inheritance patterns of these traits differ between the sexes. Most sex-linked traits are X-linked, meaning the gene responsible for the trait is located on the X chromosome. Males are more likely to express recessive X-linked traits because they only have one X chromosome; therefore, if they inherit one recessive allele, they will display the trait. Females, on the other hand, need to inherit two copies of the recessive allele to express the trait.
Match the terms with their definitions:
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| 1. Sex-linked Trait | A. The sex chromosome present in human males that is smaller and carries fewer genes than the X chromosome. |
| 2. X-linked | B. A trait determined by a gene located on a sex chromosome. |
| 3. Y-linked | C. The phenomenon where one X chromosome is inactivated in females. |
| 4. Barr Body | D. A trait determined by a gene located on the X chromosome. |
| 5. Y Chromosome | E. A condensed, inactive X chromosome found in female mammalian cells. |
Complete the following paragraph using the terms: hemizygous, carriers, X chromosome, recessive, genotype.
Males are described as ________ for genes on the ________ because they only have one copy. Females can be ________ for ________ X-linked traits, meaning they have one copy of the ________ allele but do not express the trait. The expression of sex-linked traits depends on the individual's ________.
Explain why color blindness is more common in males than in females. Be specific in your answer.
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