Advanced Thermodynamics Quiz for ME Students

📚 Quick Study Guide

• ✅ Second Law of Thermodynamics: Deals with the increase of entropy in irreversible processes. Mathematically, it can be stated as: $\Delta S \geq 0$, where $S$ is entropy.
• ✅ Gibbs Free Energy (G): A thermodynamic potential that measures the amount of energy available in a thermodynamic system to perform useful work at constant temperature and pressure. $G = H - TS$, where $H$ is enthalpy, $T$ is absolute temperature, and $S$ is entropy.
• ✅ Maxwell Relations: Equations derived from the fundamental thermodynamic relation. For example, $(\frac{\partial T}{\partial v})_s = -(\frac{\partial p}{\partial s})_v$.
• ✅ Clausius-Clapeyron Equation: Relates the change in pressure with temperature during a phase transition. $\frac{dP}{dT} = \frac{L}{T\Delta v}$, where $L$ is the latent heat and $v$ is the specific volume.
• ✅ Third Law of Thermodynamics: The entropy of a perfect crystal approaches zero as the absolute temperature approaches zero.

💡 Practice Quiz

1. Which of the following statements best describes the second law of thermodynamics?
   1. A. Energy is conserved.
   2. B. Entropy of an isolated system always increases or remains constant.
   3. C. Enthalpy of an isolated system always decreases.
   4. D. Internal energy remains constant.
2. What thermodynamic property is minimized when a system reaches equilibrium at constant temperature and pressure?
   1. A. Enthalpy
   2. B. Entropy
   3. C. Gibbs Free Energy
   4. D. Helmholtz Free Energy
3. Which Maxwell relation is derived from the fundamental property relation $dU = TdS - PdV$?
   1. A. $(\frac{\partial T}{\partial v})_s = (\frac{\partial p}{\partial s})_v$
   2. B. $(\frac{\partial T}{\partial v})_s = -(\frac{\partial p}{\partial s})_v$
   3. C. $(\frac{\partial v}{\partial T})_p = -(\frac{\partial s}{\partial p})_T$
   4. D. $(\frac{\partial v}{\partial T})_p = (\frac{\partial s}{\partial p})_T$
4. The Clausius-Clapeyron equation is used to determine the:
   1. A. Entropy change during a reversible process.
   2. B. Variation of saturation pressure with temperature.
   3. C. Specific heat at constant volume.
   4. D. Volume change during an isothermal process.
5. According to the third law of thermodynamics, what happens to the entropy of a perfect crystal as the temperature approaches absolute zero?
   1. A. It increases to infinity.
   2. B. It decreases to zero.
   3. C. It remains constant.
   4. D. It approaches a finite positive value.
6. What is the change in Gibbs free energy ($\Delta G$) for a spontaneous process at constant temperature and pressure?
   1. A. $\Delta G > 0$
   2. B. $\Delta G < 0$
   3. C. $\Delta G = 0$
   4. D. $\Delta G = \Delta H$
7. Which thermodynamic property is a measure of the degree of molecular disorder in a system?
   1. A. Enthalpy
   2. B. Internal Energy
   3. C. Entropy
   4. D. Gibbs Free Energy