Understanding sentence structure is key to clear and effective writing. Two common errors are sentence fragments and run-on sentences. Let's define each and then compare them side-by-side.
A sentence fragment is an incomplete sentence. It may lack a subject, a verb, or both. It does not express a complete thought and cannot stand alone.
A run-on sentence occurs when two or more independent clauses (clauses that could stand alone as sentences) are improperly joined. This usually means they are joined without proper punctuation or a coordinating conjunction.
| Feature | Sentence Fragment | Run-on Sentence |
|---|---|---|
| Completeness | Incomplete thought | Contains two or more complete thoughts |
| Essential Elements | Missing a subject, verb, or both | Contains all essential elements (subject and verb) in each clause |
| Punctuation | Often punctuated as a complete sentence, but shouldn't be | Improperly punctuated or lacks punctuation between clauses |
| Examples | Because it was raining. | I went to the store I bought milk. |
| How to Correct | Add missing elements or combine with another sentence. | Separate into two sentences, add a comma and coordinating conjunction (and, but, or), or use a semicolon. |
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