Anions: A Comprehensive List of Common Examples

🧪 Quick Study Guide

• ➖ Anions are negatively charged ions formed when an atom gains one or more electrons.
• ⚛️ Naming Simple Anions: Add the suffix '-ide' to the root name of the element (e.g., $Cl^-$ is chloride).
• ➗ Naming Polyatomic Anions: Some common polyatomic anions include sulfate ($SO_4^{2-}$), nitrate ($NO_3^-$), and phosphate ($PO_4^{3-}$). Learn their formulas and charges.
• 📊 Oxyanions: These are polyatomic anions containing oxygen. Use prefixes and suffixes to denote different numbers of oxygen atoms (e.g., hypochlorite $ClO^-$, chlorite $ClO_2^-$, chlorate $ClO_3^-$, perchlorate $ClO_4^-$).
• 💡 Tips to Remember Charges: Often, elements in the same group on the periodic table form ions with similar charges.

✍️ Practice Quiz

1. Which of the following is the correct formula for the chloride ion?
   1. $Cl^+$
   2. $Cl^-$
   3. $ClO^-$
   4. $ClO_3^-$
2. What is the name of the $SO_4^{2-}$ ion?
   1. Sulfite
   2. Sulfate
   3. Sulfur oxide
   4. Sulfur
3. Which of the following is a polyatomic anion?
   1. Sodium
   2. Potassium
   3. Hydroxide
   4. Calcium
4. What is the charge of the phosphide ion?
   1. -1
   2. -2
   3. -3
   4. +3
5. What is the formula for the nitrate ion?
   1. $NO_2^-$
   2. $NO_3^-$
   3. $NH_4^+$
   4. $N_2O$
6. Which of the following is the correct name for $O^{2-}$?
   1. Oxygen
   2. Oxide
   3. Oxyanion
   4. Oxygenate
7. What is the formula for the carbonate ion?
   1. $CO_3^{2-}$
   2. $CO_2^-$
   3. $CO_4^{2-}$
   4. $C_2O_3^-$